Kaunitz
Kaunitz DP camp was located in Westphalia in the British Zone. The camp was created in March 1945, initially to house survivors of the Lippstadt women camp, a sub-camp of Buchenwald concentration camp. Describing the beginning of the camp, ORT Weekly Summary reported:
'This DP camps is famous for the part some 900 Jewish girls of 14 to 20 years, played in its liberation. These girls were escorted through Kaunitz on their way to Belsen, when American airborne troops landed in the neighbourhood. The girls overpowered their guards and conquered the little town of Kaunitz and set up a special Jewish DP camp. In the following months a real pilgrimage of young men. liberated from other concentration camps started into Kaunitz and a great number of marriages resulted.'[1]
In June 1946, Kaunitz had 360 residents, a vast majority of them women, predominantly form Hungary. The DPs were sharing houses with German inhabitants of the town, which led to constant conflicts between the two groups. Due to scarcity of space, one room had to be shared by sometimes as many as six people, including married couples. The conflicts with the local population and the small size of the camp combined with lack of activities meant that DPs in Kaunitz were especially susceptible to apathy. Despite lack of founds, necessary space and equipment, the camp inhabitants did their best to create some sort of community life. For example, in 1946, on the first anniversary of liberation, they organized processions and a concert for both the DPs and the Non-Jewish inhabitants of the town. A library was opened and mobile cinema shows organized. The community also conducted dances and buffets, which were often attended by the members of the Jewish Brigade stationed nearby. Despite acute shortage of materials, there was a successful ORT school functioning in Kaunitz from January 1948. Since the authorities of the camp managed to obtain a number of sewing machines and there was enough old clothing available, ORT school in Kaunitz concentrated on conducting sewing courses. In the end of May 1948 it trained forty students in tailoring and lingerie making.
Some of the former inmates soon returned to their countries, but the majority stayed at Kaunitz until 1950 when the camp was closed. Most of them later emigrated to Israel and North America.
[1]World ORT Archive: World ORT Union. The Weekly Summary, vol II no.7 pp.2-3
